JEE (Advanced) - 2013 Syllabus
Chemistry
Physical
Chemistry
General
topics: Concept of atoms and molecules; Dalton’s atomic theory; Mole concept;
Chemical formulae; Balanced chemical equations; Calculations (based on mole
concept) involving common oxidationreduction, neutralisation, and displacement reactions;
Concentration in terms of mole fraction, molarity, molality and normality.
Gaseous
and liquid states: Absolute scale of temperature, ideal gas equation; Deviation from
ideality, van der Waals equation; Kinetic theory of gases; Average, root mean
square and most probable velocities and their relation with temperature; Law of
partial pressures; Vapour pressure; Diffusion of gases.
Atomic
structure and chemical bonding: Bohr model, spectrum of hydrogen
atom, quantum numbers; Wave-particle duality, de Broglie hypothesis;
Uncertainty principle; Qualitative quantum mechanical picture of hydrogen atom,
shapes of s, p and d orbitals; Electronic configurations of elements (up to atomic
number 36); Aufbau principle; Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule;
Orbital overlap and covalent bond; Hybridisation (involving s, p and d orbitals
only); Orbital energy diagrams for homonuclear diatomic species; Hydrogen bond;
Polarity in molecules, dipole moment (qualitative aspects only); VSEPR model
and shapes of molecules (linear, angular, triangular, square planar, pyramidal,
square pyramidal, trigonal, bipyramidal, tetrahedral and octahedral).
Energetics:
First law of thermodynamics; Internal energy, work and heat,
pressure volume
work;
Enthalpy, Hess’s law; Heat of reaction, fusion and vapourization; Second law of
thermodynamics; Entropy; Free energy; Criterion of spontaneity.
Chemical
equilibrium: Law of mass action; Equilibrium constant, Le Chatelier’s principle
(effect of concentration, temperature and pressure); Significance of ΔG and ΔGo in chemical equilibrium;
Solubility product, common ion effect, pH and buffer solutions; Acids and bases
(Bronsted and Lewis concepts); Hydrolysis of salts.
Electrochemistry: Electrochemical
cells and cell reactions; Standard electrode potentials; Nernst equation and
its relation to ΔG; Electrochemical series, emf of
galvanic cells; Faraday’s laws of electrolysis; Electrolytic conductance,
specific, equivalent and molar conductivity, Kohlrausch’s law; Concentration cells.
Chemical
kinetics: Rates of chemical reactions; Order of reactions; Rate constant; First
order reactions; Temperature dependence of rate constant (Arrhenius equation).
Solid
state: Classification of solids, crystalline state, seven crystal systems
(cell parameters a, b, c,α ,β ,γ ), close packed structure
of solids (cubic), packing in fcc, bcc and hcp lattices; Nearest neighbours,
ionic radii, simple ionic compounds, point defects.
Solutions:
Raoult’s law; Molecular weight determination from lowering of
vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point.
Surface
chemistry: Elementary concepts of adsorption (excluding adsorption
isotherms); Colloids: types, methods of preparation and general properties;
Elementary ideas of emulsions, surfactants and micelles (only definitions and
examples).
Nuclear
chemistry: Radioactivity: isotopes and isobars; Properties of α ,β andγ rays; Kinetics of radioactive decay (decay series excluded),
carbon dating; Stability of nuclei with respect to proton-neutron ratio; Brief discussion
on fission and fusion reactions.
Inorganic
Chemistry
Isolation/preparation
and properties of the following non-metals: Boron, silicon, nitrogen,
phosphorus, oxygen, sulphur and halogens; Properties of allotropes of carbon (only
diamond and graphite), phosphorus and sulphur.
Preparation
and properties of the following compounds: Oxides, peroxides,
hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides and sulphates of sodium,
potassium, magnesium and calcium; Boron: diborane, boric acid and borax;
Aluminium: alumina, aluminium chloride and alums; Carbon: oxides and oxyacid (carbonic
acid); Silicon: silicones, silicates and silicon carbide; Nitrogen: oxides,
oxyacids and ammonia; Phosphorus: oxides, oxyacids (phosphorus acid, phosphoric
acid) and phosphine; Oxygen: ozone and hydrogen peroxide; Sulphur: hydrogen
sulphide, oxides, sulphurous acid, sulphuric acid and sodium thiosulphate;
Halogens: hydrohalic acids, oxides and oxyacids of chlorine, bleaching powder;
Xenon fluorides.
Transition
elements (3d series): Definition, general characteristics,
oxidation states and their stabilities, colour (excluding the details of electronic
transitions) and calculation of spinonly magnetic moment; Coordination compounds:
nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, cis-trans and ionisation
isomerisms, hybridization and geometries of mononuclear coordination compounds
(linear, tetrahedral, square planar and octahedral).
Preparation
and properties of the following compounds: Oxides
and chlorides of tin and lead; Oxides, chlorides and sulphates of Fe2+,
Cu2+ and Zn2+; Potassium permanganate, potassium
dichromate, silver oxide, silver nitrate, silver thiosulphate.
Ores
and minerals: Commonly occurring ores and minerals of iron, copper, tin, lead,
magnesium,
aluminium, zinc and silver.
Extractive
metallurgy: Chemical principles and reactions only (industrial details
excluded);
Carbon
reduction method (iron and tin); Self reduction method (copper and lead); Electrolytic
reduction method (magnesium and aluminium); Cyanide process (silver and gold).
Principles
of qualitative analysis: Groups I to V (only Ag+, Hg2+, Cu2+,
Pb2+, Bi3+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Al3+,
Ca2+, Ba2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Mg2+);
Nitrate, halides (excluding fluoride), sulphate and sulphide.
Organic
Chemistry
Concepts:
Hybridisation of carbon; Sigma and pi-bonds; Shapes of simple
organic molecules; Structural and geometrical isomerism; Optical isomerism of
compounds containing up to two asymmetric centres, (R,S and E,Z nomenclature
excluded); IUPAC nomenclature of simple organic compounds (only hydrocarbons,
mono-functional and bifunctional compounds); Conformations of ethane and butane
(Newman projections); Resonance and hyperconjugation; Keto-enol tautomerism;
Determination of empirical and molecular formulae of simple compounds (only combustion
method); Hydrogen bonds: definition and their effects on physical properties of
alcohols and carboxylic acids; Inductive and resonance effects on acidity and basicity
of organic acids and bases; Polarity and inductive effects in alkyl halides;
Reactive intermediates produced during homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavage;
Formation, structure and stability of carbocations, carbanions and free
radicals.
Preparation,
properties and reactions of alkanes: Homologous series, physical properties
of alkanes (melting points, boiling points and density); Combustion and halogenation
of alkanes; Preparation of alkanes by Wurtz reaction and decarboxylation reactions.
Preparation,
properties and reactions of alkenes and alkynes: Physical
properties of alkenes and alkynes
(boiling points, density and dipole moments); Acidity of alkynes; Acid catalysed
hydration of alkenes and alkynes (excluding the stereochemistry of addition and
elimination); Reactions of alkenes with KMnO4 and ozone; Reduction
of alkenes and alkynes; Preparation of alkenes and alkynes by elimination
reactions; Electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes with X2, HX,
HOX and H2O (X=halogen); Addition reactions of alkynes; Metal
acetylides.
Reactions
of benzene: Structure and aromaticity; Electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation,
nitration, sulphonation, Friedel- Crafts alkylation and acylation; Effect of o-,
mand p-directing groups in monosubstituted benzenes.
Phenols:
Acidity, electrophilic substitution reactions (halogenation,
nitration and sulphonation); Reimer-Tiemann reaction, Kolbe reaction.
Characteristic
reactions of the following (including those mentioned above): Alkyl halides:
rearrangement reactions of alkyl carbocation, Grignard reactions, nucleophilic substitution
reactions; Alcohols: esterification, dehydration and oxidation, reaction with sodium,
phosphorus halides, ZnCl2/concentrated HCl, conversion of alcohols into
aldehydes and ketones; Ethers: Preparation by Williamson’s Synthesis; Aldehydes
and Ketones: oxidation, reduction, oxime and hydrazone formation; Aldol condensation,
Perkin reaction; Cannizzaro reaction; Haloform reaction and nucleophilic addition
reactions Grignard addition); Carboxylic acids: formation of esters, acid chlorides
and amides, ester hydrolysis; Amines: basicity of substituted anilines and aliphatic
amines, preparation from nitro compounds, reaction with nitrous acid, azo coupling
reaction of diazonium salts of aromatic amines, Sandmeyer and related reactions
of diazonium salts; carbylamines reaction; Haloarenes: nucleophilic aromatic substitution
in haloarenes and substituted haloarenes (excluding Benzyne mechanism and Cine
substitution).
Carbohydrates:
Classification; mono- and disaccharides (glucose and sucrose);
Oxidation,
reduction,
glycoside formation and hydrolysis of sucrose.
Amino
acids and peptides: General structure (only primary structure for peptides) and
physical
properties.
Properties
and uses of some important polymers: Natural rubber, cellulose, nylon,
teflon
and PVC.
Practical
organic chemistry: Detection of elements (N, S, halogens); Detection and identification
of the following functional groups: hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl
(aldehyde and ketone), carboxyl, amino and nitro; Chemical methods of
separation of mono-functional organic compounds from binary mixtures.
Mathematics
Algebra:
Algebra of complex numbers, addition, multiplication, conjugation,
polar representation, properties of modulus and principal argument, triangle
inequality, cube roots of unity, geometric interpretations. Quadratic equations
with real coefficients, relations between roots and coefficients, formation of
quadratic equations with given roots, symmetric functions of roots. Arithmetic,
geometric and harmonic progressions, arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means,
sums of finite arithmetic and geometric progressions, infinite geometric series,
sums of squares and cubes of the first n natural numbers. Logarithms and
their properties. Permutations and combinations, Binomial theorem for a
positive integral index, properties of binomial coefficients. Matrices as a rectangular
array of real numbers, equality of matrices, addition, multiplication by a
scalar and product of matrices, transpose of a matrix, determinant of a square
matrix of order up to three, inverse of a square matrix of order up to three,
properties of these matrix operations, diagonal, symmetric and skew-symmetric
matrices and their properties, solutions of simultaneous linear equations in
two or three variables. Addition and multiplication rules of probability, conditional
probability, Bayes Theorem, independence of events, computation of
probability
of events using permutations and combinations.
Trigonometry:
Trigonometric functions, their periodicity and graphs, addition
and subtraction formulae, formulae
involving multiple and submultiple angles, general solution of
trigonometric
equations. Relations between sides and angles of a triangle, sine rule, cosine
rule, half-angle formula and the area of a triangle, inverse trigonometric
functions (principal value only).
Analytical
geometry (2 dimensions): Cartesian coordinates, distance between two points,
section formulae, shift of origin. Equation of a straight line in various
forms, angle between two lines, distance of a point from a line; Lines through
the point of intersection of two given lines, equation of the bisector of the
angle between two lines, concurrency of lines; Centroid, orthocentre, incentre
and circumcentre of a triangle. Equation of a circle in various forms,
equations of tangent, normal and chord. Parametric equations of a circle, intersection
of a circle with a straight line or a circle, equation of a circle through the
points of intersection of two circles
and those of a circle and a straight line. Equations of a parabola, ellipse and
hyperbola in standard form, their foci, directrices and eccentricity,
parametric equations, equations of tangent and normal. Locus Problems.
Analytical
geometry (3 dimensions): Direction cosines and direction ratios,
equation
of a
straight line in space, equation of a plane, distance of a point from a plane.
Differential
calculus: Real valued functions of a real variable, into, onto and
one-to-one functions, sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions,
composite functions, absolute value, polynomial, rational, trigonometric,
exponential and logarithmic functions. Limit and continuity of a function,
limit and continuity of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two
functions, L’Hospital rule of evaluation of limits of functions. Even and odd
functions, inverse of a function, continuity of composite functions,
intermediate value property of continuous functions. Derivative of a function,
derivative of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, chain
rule, derivatives of polynomial, rational, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric,
exponential and logarithmic functions. Derivatives of implicit functions,
derivatives up to order two, geometrical interpretation of the derivative,
tangents and normals, increasing and decreasing functions, maximum and minimum
values of a function, Rolle’s Theorem and Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem.
Integral
calculus: Integration as the inverse process of differentiation, indefinite
integrals of
standard
functions, definite integrals and their properties, Fundamental Theorem of
Integral
Calculus.
Integration by parts, integration by the methods of substitution and partial
fractions, application of definite integrals to the determination of areas
involving simple curves. Formation of ordinary differential equations, solution
of homogeneous differential equations, separation of variables method, linear
first order differential equations.
Vectors:
Addition of vectors, scalar multiplication, dot and cross
products, scalar triple products and their geometrical interpretations.
Physics
General:
Units and dimensions, dimensional analysis; least count,
significant figures; Methods of measurement and error analysis for physical
quantities pertaining to the following experiments: Experiments based on using Vernier
calipers and screw gauge (micrometer), Determination of g using simple pendulum,
Young’s modulus by Searle’s method, Specific heat of a liquid using calorimeter,
focal length of a concave mirror and a convex lens using u-v method, Speed of sound
using resonance column, Verification of Ohm’s law using voltmeter and ammeter,
and specific resistance of the material of a wire using meter bridge and post
office box.
Mechanics:
Kinematics in one and two dimensions (Cartesian coordinates only),
projectiles; Uniform Circular motion; Relative velocity. Newton’s laws of
motion; Inertial and uniformly accelerated frames of reference; Static and dynamic
friction; Kinetic and potential energy; Work and power; Conservation of linear momentum
and mechanical energy. Systems of particles; Centre of mass and its motion;
Impulse; Elastic and inelastic collisions. Law of gravitation; Gravitational
potential and field; Acceleration due to gravity; Motion of planets and
satellites in circular orbits; Escape velocity. Rigid body, moment of inertia,
parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, moment of inertia of uniform bodies
with simple geometrical shapes; Angular momentum; Torque; Conservation of
angular momentum; Dynamics of rigid bodies with fixed axis of rotation; Rolling
without slipping of rings, cylinders and spheres; Equilibrium of rigid bodies;
Collision of point masses with rigid bodies. Linear and angular simple harmonic
motions. Hooke’s law, Young’s modulus. Pressure in a fluid; Pascal’s law;
Buoyancy; Surface energy and surface tension, capillary rise; Viscosity (Poiseuille’s
equation excluded), Stoke’s law; Terminal velocity, Streamline flow, equation
of continuity, Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications. Wave motion (plane
waves only), longitudinal and transverse waves, superposition of waves; Progressive
and stationary waves; Vibration of strings and air columns; Resonance; Beats; Speed
of sound in gases; Doppler effect (in
sound).
Thermal
physics: Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases; Calorimetry,
latent heat; Heat conduction in one dimension; Elementary concepts of
convection and radiation; Newton’s law of cooling; Ideal gas laws; Specific
heats (Cv and Cp for monoatomic and diatomic gases); Isothermal and adiabatic
processes, bulk modulus of gases; Equivalence of heat and work; First law of
thermodynamics and its applications (only for ideal gases); Blackbody
radiation: absorptive and emissive powers; Kirchhoff’s law; Wien’s displacement
law, Stefan’s law.
Electricity
and magnetism: Coulomb’s law; Electric field and potential; Electrical potential
energy of
a system of point charges and of electrical dipoles in a uniform electrostatic
field;
Electric
field lines; Flux of electric field; Gauss’s law and its application in simple
cases, such as, to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly
charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell. Capacitance;
Parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectrics; Capacitors in series and
parallel; Energy stored in a capacitor. Electric current; Ohm’s law; Series and
parallel arrangements of resistances and cells; Kirchhoff’s laws and simple
applications; Heating effect of current. Biot–Savart’s law and Ampere’s law;
Magnetic field near a current-carrying straight wire, along the axis of a
circular coil and inside a long straight solenoid; Force on a moving charge and
on a current-carrying wire in a uniform magnetic field. Magnetic moment of a
current loop; Effect of a uniform magnetic field on a current loop; Moving coil
galvanometer, voltmeter, ammeter and their conversions. Electromagnetic
induction: Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law; Self and mutual inductance; RC, LR and LC
circuits with d.c. and a.c. sources.
Optics:
Rectilinear propagation of light; Reflection and refraction at
plane and spherical surfaces; Total internal reflection; Deviation and
dispersion of light by a prism; Thin lenses; Combinations of mirrors and thin
lenses; Magnification. Wave nature of light: Huygen’s principle, interference
limited to Young’s double-slit experiment.
Modern
physics: Atomic nucleus; Alpha, beta and gamma radiations; Law of
radioactive decay; Decay constant; Half-life and mean life; Binding energy and
its calculation; Fission and fusion processes; Energy calculation in these processes.
Photoelectric effect; Bohr’s theory of hydrogen like atoms; Characteristic and
continuous X rays, Moseley’s law; de Broglie wavelength of matter waves.
